关键词： Digital storage  

摘要： Nowadays, heating power for buildings is often produced by on-site renewable energy sources. However, such sources typically cover only part of the energy demand of the building. Thus, electricity supply from the grid is necessary although it is usually the only necessary external energy source. Cost-effective utilization of electricity requires not only reduction in the share of electricity from the grid but also comprehensive control of all on-site energy systems. In this paper, such a control method is presented. The control procedure takes into consideration fluctuations in the price of electricity, environmental conditions, the thermal mass of the building, and energy storage. The study aims to reduce energy costs by flattening the electricity load's profile and switching the energy systems on and off at predetermined times according to a qualitative control procedure. Thermal and electricity loads are either forwarded or delayed in response to variations in the electricity price but maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. The control method is verified in a simulated residential building using weather data from Helsinki, Finland. The building includes a geothermal heat pump, a solar collector, and an electric heater as energy sources and a hot water tank for thermal storage. The main thermal loads consist of space heating and domestic hot water. The results of a full-year simulation are compared with those of a conventional method with no price-responsive features. The results indicate that load shifting is successful, especially during the cold season. The control method adapts correctly to large and abrupt scheduled loads. Although this method reduces electricity consumption by only 2%, the yearly cost of electricity is decreased by 11.6%. Published by AIP Publishing.

关键词： 舆论场   意识形态   网络话语权  

摘要： 在网络空间涉中国意识形态问题上,存在中国官方、中国民间与国际社会三个舆论场之间的合流与挑战。为避免在国际意识形态话语权竞争和维护国内意识形态话语主导权过程中出现主流意识形态话语权消解乃至"失语"的危险,需要在对策和机制两个层面对夹角进行控制。在对策层面,内容建设上要结合中外、融会古今,建立贴近受众需要、声线柔和的自洽体系;载体建设上要注意平台提升、全网联动和形式多样的结合。在机制层面,政府体制建构要实现从科层制向扁平化的转变;现实操作逻辑要注入共赢和沟通的意识;公私关系上要实现"自上而下"的国家主导与"自下而上"的草根力量的结合;网络安全维护上要注意依法治理和技术保障的双层把关。由此,即可增强三个舆论场的共识度,建构中国执政党和政府在意识形态上的网络话语权。

关键词： 微时代   执政党   意识形态安全   风险控制   “四力”  

摘要： 微时代执政党意识形态安全风险控制体系构建必须正确处理继承传统与推陈出新、借鉴国外经验与保持民族特色、主动传播与积极防御的关系,努力提升"四力",即提升亲和力,努力凸显意识形态的人文性和通俗性;增强吸引力,切实解决微民合法利益的诉求;强化凝聚力,密切关注社会心理的变化动向;提高引领力,正确开展意识形态批判。

关键词： Trauma   CT-scan   WBCT   Admission time  

摘要： CT-scan is increasingly used in blunt trauma, but the real impact on patient outcome is still unclear. This study was conducted to assess the effect of performing routine (versus selective) chest and abdominopelvic CT-scan on patient admission time and outcome in blunt trauma. Conscious and hemodynamically stable high-energy trauma patients were included (n = 140). Routine chest and abdominopelvic CT-scan was requested in addition to the conventional radiography and ultrasound for the intervention group and selective CT-scan according to clinical presentation was done for the control group. Patient admission times in the emergency room and surgery ward, complications, and performed surgical procedures were assessed. "Unsuspected injuries" defined as additional findings on CT-scan, which were not expected before CT-scan, were evaluated. Admission time in the emergency ward and admission time in hospital were significantly shorter in the intervention group. Complications were similar in both groups. Abdominopelvic CT-scan in the intervention group revealed nine (7.8%) unsuspected injuries. All of these nine patients had also a positive clinical examination and injuries in other body regions. Chest CT-scan in the intervention group led to additional diagnoses in 17 patients (24.28%) leading to tube thoracostomy in 13 patients (18.57%). Routine chest and abdominopelvic CT-scan in conscious blunt trauma patients decreases the hospitalization time, but has no impact on patient outcome and probably might lead to overtreatment of occult injuries. The option of using a selective approach should be further evaluated to decrease radiation exposure and facility overuse.

关键词： airway management for sedation   alveolar gas exchange   oxygen delivery: factors impacting  

摘要： Traditional conscious sedation for endobronchial ultrasound procedures places patients at risk of desaturation, and high-flow nasal oxygen may reduce the risk. We designed a parallel-group randomised controlled trial of high-flow nasal oxygen at a flow rate of 30-70 ***(-1) via nasal cannulae, compared with standard oxygen therapy at 10 ***(-1) via a bite block in adults planned for conscious sedation for endobronchial ultrasound. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing desaturation (defined as SpO(2) < 90%). Secondary outcomes included oxygen saturation after pre-oxygenation, lowest oxygen saturation during procedure, number of hypoxic episodes, duration of hypoxia, end-procedure end-tidal CO2, satisfaction scores and complications. Thirty participants were allocated to each group. Baseline patient characteristics, procedure time and anaesthetic agents used were similar between the groups. Desaturation occurred in 4 out of 30 patients allocated to the high-flow nasal oxygen group, compared with 10 out of 30 allocated to the standard oxygenation group, a non-significant difference (p = 0.07) with intention to treat analysis. The difference was significant (p = 0.047) when using a per-protocol analysis. Oxygen saturation after pre-oxygenation and the lowest oxygen saturation during procedure were significantly higher in the high-flow nasal oxygen group compared with the standard oxygenation group;median (IQR [range] 100 (99-100 [93-100]) vs. 98 (97-99 [94-100]), p = 0.0001 and 97.5 (94-99 [77-100]) vs. 92 (88-95 [79-98]), p < 0.001, respectively. There were no differences in other secondary outcomes. Although high-flow nasal oxygen may prevent desaturation due to some causes, it does not protect against hypoxaemia in all circumstances.

关键词： Postural control   Movement specific reinvestment   Older adults  

摘要： This study aimed to examine the relationship between conscious control of movements, as defined by the Theory of Reinvestment (Masters & Maxwell, 2008;Masters, Polman, & Hammond, 1993), and both traditional and complexity-based COP measures. Fifty-three young adults (mean age = 20.93 +/- 2.53 years), 39 older adults with a history of falling (mean age = 69.23 +/- 3.84 years) and 39 older adults without a history of falling (mean age = 69.00 +/- 3.72 years) were asked to perform quiet standing balance in single- and dual-task conditions. The results showed that higher scores on the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS;Masters, Eves, & Maxwell;2005;Masters & Maxwell, 2008), a psychometric measure of the propensity for conscious involvement in movement, were associated with larger sway amplitude and a more constrained (less complex) mode of balancing in the medial lateral direction for young adults only. Scores on MSRS explained approximately 10% of total variation in the medial lateral sway measures. This association was not apparent under dual-task conditions, during which a secondary task was used to limit the amount of cognitive resources available for conscious processing. No relationship between postural control and score on the MSRS was found for either older adult fallers or non-fallers. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.

关键词： 技术控制   意识形态   马克思主义   生产力理论  

摘要： 马尔库塞在其著作《单向度的人》中提出,发达工业社会由于在技术的控制下形成极权社会,人们的不幸意识被技术带来的满足征服,技术的进步成为能够遏制社会发生质变的力量,技术进步的合理性正在清除"高层文化"中的对立性和超越性因素,社会成员的意识以潜隐的形式被全面控制。正确理解马尔库塞提出的技术控制意识形态的理论,还要回到马克思关于社会发展的基本规律,即生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的规律上,不管社会发展变化呈现何种面貌、何种姿态,支配社会发展的客观规律是不会改变的。

关键词： 控制成本   施工企业   方法措施   探讨  

摘要： 在建筑施工项目中成本控制尤为重要,它是促使企业提升生产质量、降低耗能的关键因素,它直接关乎着建筑企业的信誉和经济收益.施工成本的控制具有层次性、动态性、复杂性的特点,尤其随着国家经济的发展,建筑施工企业的增多,竞争压力的增大,居民对住宅的高要求和建材价格的上涨以及工人工资的上涨,致使施工企业的利润在逐步的下降.为了促使这一现状的解决,在确保施工安全和质量的情况下,施工企业必须加大对成本的控制力度.对成本的管理来增强企业的竞争实力,所以对建筑企业施工成本的控制是目前施工企业急需解决的问题.文章提出企业要依据自身发展的特点,提升全体员工和整个施工项目中的成本控制意识,从而建立适合企业发展的成本控制体系和方法.

关键词： 检验教学   质量控制   治疗   教学质量  

摘要： 目的 探讨如何在医学检验教学中培养学生的检验质量控制意识.方法 在医学检验的教学中对初级人才进行检验质量控制意识的确立,提高检验教学质量以及学生相关能力.结果 学生关于检验质量控制意识得到了加强,实际操作检验的合格率有所上升.结论 医学检验的质量关系到制定相关的治疗方案和预防措施,也有利于学生提升日后的工作能力和具备较佳的适应工作环境能力.

关键词： 纪录片创作者   真实性   艺术性   控制意识  

摘要： 纪录片的真实性体现在纪录片记录真人真事,与现实生活直接对应,是建立在客观现实存在上的产物,是对纪录片内容层面的阐述。纪录片的艺术性则要求纪录片要具有创造性,强调纪录片的主观属性,是对纪录片创作过程和表现形式的总结。纪录片真实的内涵表现在:首先纪录片所表现的人物和事件必须是客观存在的,其次纪录片表现的人物和事件要符合客观实际。同样,创作者的控制意识在纪录片创作过程中不可避免,它建立在尊重客观事物,符合客观实际的基础上。由于纪录片的纪实本性,纪录片的拍摄内容往往是原生态的生活场景,在一定程度上缺乏艺术的美学特征,纪录片创作的控制意识介入能够使纪录片的艺术性得到审美升华,提升纪录片的审美作用和审美价值。纪录片创作的控制意识不是天马行空的胡思乱想,它必须依据客观存在,遵循纪录片表达真实的基本原则,不能违反具有普世价值的基本伦理道德。纪录片所具有的再现物质世界的能力,促使观众相信现实本身就是纪录片所呈现的那样,因此,纪录片创作者可谓责任重大,纪录片创作的控制意识对形式的追求必须服从于真实本质的内容,既要以客观事实为基础,又要基于客观事实进行合理的主观化表达。真实和艺术是纪录片的内涵和外延,它要求纪录片创作者必须具有全局意识,运用艺术手法进行创作的同时,不断思考如何向观众展示客观现实的真实和创作者主观感受的真实,以此达到纪录片创作者控制意识和客观现实的辩证统一。