关键词： 江森自控   石油进口   中国区技术   能源动力   燃油经济性   技术论坛   整车企业   从国   市场接受度   节能减排  

摘要： 日前,江森自控能源动力业务中国区技术销售高级经理程亮博士在节能与新能源汽车技术论坛的主题演讲上提出了促进汽车电气化进程的三大因素：首先,是国家的法律法规。随着汽车科技的不断发展,消费者对燃油经济性的要求越来越高。此外,我国对石油进口的依赖程度非常高：2015年为61%,2016年为63%。

关键词： Cefuroxime   Bio-electrochemical system   Kinetics   Degradation mechanism   Electrochemistry analysis  

摘要： A combination of biochemistry and electrochemistry was used as a strategy to remove antibiotics present in low concentrations at the laboratory scale. Experiments showed that the removal of antibiotics could be improved to 98% in the bio-electrochemical system (BES). The optimal operating conditions were a pH of 7, initial cefuroxime (CXM) concentration of 0.5 mg.L-1, reaction period of 12 h, aeration intensity of 15.8 m(3).m(-2).h(-1), and influent COD concentration of 1000 mg.L-1. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) removals were also improved to above 90% and 80%, respectively. A conventional sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) process was simultaneously operated for comparison. Simulation results indicated that the degradation followed first-order kinetics in the SBBR, BES, and electrochemical system (ES). Through further studies and SEM observation, we found that a high current electric field would destroy microbes. Conversely, the degradation of CXM was promoted by a low current electric field. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis was performed and we found that the degradation contained two oxidation reactions and one reduction reaction. According to the intermediates identified by LC-MS, we inferred that the degradation pathway included breakage of beta-lactam rings and organic oxidations. In conclusion, the integrated process considerably enhanced the synergistic effects of biochemistry and electrochemistry for the removal of specific contaminants. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catechol   Advanced oxidation process   Electro-Fenton   Anodic oxidation   BDD  

摘要： Catechol, one of the most abundant compounds in olive mills wastewaters, which is generated in the Fenton degradation of various aromatic compounds, is a toxic, possible carcinogen, persistent pollutant and it is not readily biodegradable. Hence, its degradation requires the utilization of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Here, the electrochemical treatment of aqueous solutions of catechol was investigated. The utilization of various electrochemical processes, such as electro-Fenton (EF), direct anodic oxidation (AO), indirect oxidation by electro-generated active chlorine and coupled processes was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of various operating conditions (including the nature of anode for AO, the initial pH and the current density) was widely studied in order to optimize the selected electrochemical processes. For EF process, the effect of the nature of the catalyst (homogeneous FeSO4 and heterogeneous pyrite and chalcopyrite) was also analysed. It was shown that both EF and AO, under proper operating conditions, allow a very high removal of the TOC, while the indirect oxidation by electro-generated active chlorine is poorly effective. The utilization of a coupled EF-AO process allowed enhancing the abatement of both catechol ad TOC with respect to single processes.

关键词： Water recovery   Salinity gradient power   Electrosorption   Electrochemical process integration   Wastewater treatment  

摘要： A capacitive deionization (CDI) system is one of the emerging desalination technologies used to purify brackish water. It is an electrochemical technology that uses electrically charged porous electrodes to remove salt ions from water. In this study, we developed a process model by integrating CDI with reverse electrodialysis (RED) for the production of pure water and energy. RED is a power generation technology that uses the mixing entropy of water with high and low salt concentrations. Desalination with low energy consumption and high water recovery (WR) was a design preference for this integrated electrochemical model. CDI system was optimized with a series four pass reverse current desorption (RCD) method to achieve WR of almost 96.7% that was previously 50-80% on average. Moreover, an artificial salinity gradient was also produced for RED to generate energy through this four-pass RCD method of CDI. The concentration gain ratio (CGR), WR of CDI, and power density of RED was numerically assessed with different number of desorption passes and for CDI desorption current. WR and CGR value in CDI increased to 96% and 25, respectively, with the increase of number of desorption passes to four. Two stage RED cell system is used to get energy from salinity gradient produced through CDI. Energy consumption of 1.510/1 for pure water production was reduced to 0.58 kJ/1 with this purposed integrated four pass CDI-RED system. This integrated electrochemical system reduced desalination energy consumption as well reducing environmental pollution with an eco-friendly, renewable power generation method and a reduction in the CDI disposal concentration.

关键词： Computer simulation   Tool design   Electrochemical machining   Process monitoring   Process control   Equipment behavior  

摘要： Electrochemical machining process of curvilinear surfaces with a shaped electrode is still considered one of basic operations within this technology. In a case of machining such complex surfaces it is difficult to design constant values of this process for the whole of the machining time and additionally ensure high production efficiency. This paper presents a system for controlling and monitoring the electrochemical machining process in a way which allows a suitable modification of parameters related to the kinematics of a tool electrode, including the frequency of its vibrations and tool design stage verification and optimization of machining equipment behavior. The parameters are modified according to designed criteria. The article also presents the research station which was used for verification of the presented system, as well as the effects of this verification. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anodic oxidation   EF/BDD process   Waste water treatment   Textile industry  

摘要： Textile manufacturing is the one responsible for water bodies' contamination through the discharge of colored wastes. This work presents the study of reactive yellow HF (RYHF) dye degradation under two different electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP), namely anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF)/boron-doped diamond (BDD) process. For the AO, 100 and 300 mg/L solutions using Pt and BDD as anodes in a 100 mL stirred tank cell were used, with a supporting electrolyte of 0.05 mol/L of Na2SO4 at pH 3 under 30 and 50 mA/cm(2) current density. The EF/BDD process was carried out in a flow reactor at 4 and 7 L/min to degrade 100, 200, and 300 mg/L RYHF solutions under 50 and 80 mA/cm(2). UV-Vis determinations were used for decolorization evaluation, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method provided information on dye degradation rate.

关键词： Benzoic Acid   Electrocoagulation   Electrochemical Fenton   Optimization   Sludge Analysis  

摘要： Benzoic acid containing synthetic solution was pretreated by acid precipitation at various pH (1-3) and temperature (15-60 A degrees C). Pre-treated solution was further treated by electrocoagulation (EC) and electrochemical Fenton (EF) processes using iron anode and graphite cathode. Optimization of independent operating parameters, namely, initial pH: (3-11), current density (A/m(2)): (15.24-76.21), electrolyte concentration (mol/L): (0.03-0.07) and electrolysis time (min): (15-95) for EC process and pH: (1-5), current density (A/m(2)): (15.24-76.21), H2O2 concentration (mg/L): (100-500) and electrolysis time (min): (15-95) for EF process, was performed using central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum removal efficiencies of BA- 76.83%, 88.50%;chemical oxygen demand (COD) - 69.23%, 82.21% and energy consumption (kWh/kg COD removed) - 30.86, 21.15 were achieved by EC and EF processes, respectively, at optimum operating conditions. It was found that EF process is more efficient than EC process based on removal of BA and COD with lower energy consumption. The sludge obtained after EC and EF treatments was analyzed by XRD, FTIR, DTA/TGA and SEM/EDX techniques.

关键词： zinc   Electrodes   Liquid interface   metal electrode   Glow discharge   Vapors   Electrochemical processes   atomic fluorescence spectroscopy   Anodes  

摘要： In this study, a novel high efficiency vapor generation strategy was proposed on the basis of solution anode glow discharge for the determination of Cd and Zn by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. In this approach, a glow discharge microplasma was acted as a gaseous cathode to initiate the plasma electrochemical vapor generation of Cd and Zn: Cadmium/zinc ions could be converted into molecular species efficiently at the plasma-liquid interface from a supporting electrolyte (HCl, pH = 3.2), It was found that the overall efficiency of the plasma electrochemical vapor generation (PEVG) system was much higher than the conventional electrochemical hydride generation (EcHG) and HCl-KBH4 system. With no requirement for other reducing reagents, this new approach enabled us to detect Cd and Zn with detection limits as low as 0.003 mu g L-1 for Cd and 0.3 mu g L-1 for Zn. Good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD), n = 5) was 2.4% for Cd (0.1 mu g L-1) and 1.7% for Zn (10 mu g L-1) standard. The. accuracy of the proposed method was successfully validated through analysis of cadmium in reference material of stream sediment (GBW07311), soil (GBW07401), rice (GBW10045), and zinc in a simulated water sample (GSB 07-1184-2000). Replacing a metal electrode with a plasma offers the advantage of eliminating potential interactions between the species in liquid and the electrode, which solves the issues associated with electrode encountered in conventional EcHG. The ability to initiate electrochemical vapor generation reactions at the plasma-liquid interface opens a new approach for chemical Vapor generation based on interactions between plasma gas-phase electrons and solutions.

关键词： Anodic oxidation   Electra-Fenton   Photoelectro-Fenton   Synthetic wastewaters   Real wastewaters  

摘要： Over the last decades, research efforts have been made at developing more effective technologies for the remediation of waters containing persistent organic pollutants. Among the various technologies, the so-called electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have caused increasing interest. These technologies are based on the electrochemical generation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot). Here, we present an exhaustive review on the treatment of various synthetic and real wastewaters by five key EAOPs, i.e., anodic oxidation (AO), anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (AO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF), photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF), alone and in combination with other methods like biological treatment, electrocoagulation, coagulation and membrane filtration processes. Fundamentals of each EAOP are also given. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： MASS spectrometry   ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis   ELECTRODES   ELECTROLYTES   ELECTROLYTIC oxidation   MICROFLUIDIC devices  

摘要： The in situ molecular characterization of reaction intermediates and products at electrode electrolyte interfaces is central to mechanistic studies of complex electrochemical processes, yet a great challenge. The coupling of electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry (MS) has seen rapid development and found broad applicability in tackling challenges in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. However, few truly in situ and real-time EC-MS studies have been reported at electrode electrolyte interfaces. An innovative EC-MS coupling method named in situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was recently developed by combining SIMS with a vacuum compatible microfluidic electrochemical device. Using this novel capability, we report the first in situ elucidation of the electro-oxidation mechanism of a biologically significant organic compound, ascorbic acid (AA), at the electrode electrolyte interface. The short-lived radical intermediate was successfully captured, which had not been detected directly before. Moreover, we demonstrated the power of this new technique in real-time monitoring of the formation and dynamic evolution of electrical double layers at the electrode electrolyte interface. This work suggests further promising applications of in situ liquid SIMS in studying more complex chemical and biological events at the electrode electrolyte interface.