关键词： Simultaneous electroleaching-electrodeposition   Electro-oxidation   Silver   Thiosulfate   Recycling  

摘要： The simultaneous electroleaching-electrodeposition of silver was studied systematically to develop an alternate process for the recovery of metallic silver. The system was assessed employing electrochemical and micro structural characterization techniques in a thiosulfate-ammonia medium. The electrochemical studies revealed the dependence of silver electroleaching rate in thiosulfate-ammonia solutions on different processes controlled by anodic potential. At the anodic potential below 200 mV(SHE), the silver is electro-oxidized and complexed by the applied potential and thiosulfate, respectively. Increasing the potential up to 445 mV(SHE), the thiosulfate is oxidized and the silver leaching current is decreased due to the diffusional control of the leaching. It was also found that the sulfite species formed from the thiosulfate decomposition can leach small amounts of metallic silver. Finally, at potentials from 695 to 795 mV(SHE), the thiosulfate is further decomposed and a silver sulfide film is generated which inhibits the silver dissolution. The simultaneous electroleaching-electrodeposition of silver was also studied in an electrolytic cell with graphite electrodes at room temperature. The results showed that a 74% of silver can be recovered at a low applied current density of 0.066 mA/cm(2) with a negligible thiosulfate decomposition and a current efficiency of 76.54%. On the other hand, when the current is increased the silver recovery and current efficiency is decreased, due to the oxidative decomposition of thiosulfate which promotes the formation of silver sulfide. These results are corroborated by the X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS analyses.

关键词： EDI   全电动   混合动力传动   CUMMINS  

摘要： Cummins近日宣布收购可设计和生产混合动力及全电动解决方案的公司Efficient Drivetrains,Inc.(EDI),这是Cummins致力成为全球电气化领导者的最新举措。十几年前,Cummins就已开始注重发展电气化的能力。在过去的9个月里,Cummins加大了这方面的投入,通过收购总部设在英联邦的Johnson Matthey Battery Systems以及总

关键词： Steel pipeline   soil   cathodic protection   stray current corrosion   anodic transient  

摘要： The steel/soil interface on cathodically protected pipeline steel has been investigated using electrochemical polarisation measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to add more insights into the electrochemical processes occurring at the interface. A critical electrode potential (CEP) was found that divides the steel corrosion reaction kinetics into two regions. When the electrode potential is below this critical value, the steel surface has a large impedance value, indicating much slower corrosion kinetics than when the electrode potential is more positive than the CEP value. This critical value is found to be related to pitting potential determined by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. The CEP could be affected by the CP condition and environmental, including the CP potential and the soil moisture content. At a more negative CP potential, the CEP was found to be nobler;while at the same CP potential but in the soil with a higher moisture content, the CEP became more negative. The impact of the CP potential and soil moisture level on the CEP value is explained by local soil pH effects on steel passivity.

关键词： Hydrogen   Sulfur-iodine cycle   Electrochemical Bunsen reaction   Electrochemical cell (EC)   Flow channel   Pressure drop  

摘要： Renewable hydrogen production through sulfur-iodine (SI) cycle is energy efficient and environmentally friendly. Electrochemical cell (EC) has recently been proposed to carry out the Bunsen reaction in the cycle. Existing studies on the EC are limited only to time-consuming experiments whereas cell performance with respect to flow channel is very few. In this study, numerical study is conducted for determining the impact of flow channel on the EC performance of electrochemical Bunsen reaction. Five different configurations of flow channel are physically modelled. A three dimensional, steady state and laminar flow through EC is simulated by solving the governing equations, and show good agreement with experimental data at low current density. It is found that the flow field, local current and potential of serpentine, straight parallel and spiral tubular flow channels distribute almost uniformly, except the significant vortex regions and high resistance at the square bends of straight parallel channel due to the sudden geometric changes. The flow maldistribution in Z-type and U-type parallel flow channels makes them unsuitable for EC. The straight parallel flow channel is found to be optimal due to its low pressure drop as well as low electric power input, followed by serpentine and spiral tubular patterns. The simulation concerning flow channels design favors improving EC performance and the thermal efficiency of SI cycle.

关键词： copper electrodeposition   through silicon via   ultrasound  

摘要： As one of the key technologies in 3D packaging, through silicon via (TSV) interconnection technology has become a focus recently. In this paper, an electrodeposition method for TSV filling with the assistance of ultrasound and additives are introduced. Two important parameters i.e. current density and ultrasonic power are studied for TSV filling process and electrochemical properties. It is found that ultrasound can improve the quality of TSV-filling and change the TSV-filling mode. The experimental results also indicate that the filling rate enhances more significantly with decreasing current density under ultrasonic conditions than under silent conditions. In addition, according to the voltammetry curve, the increase of ultrasonic power can significantly increase the current density of cupric reduction, and decrease the thickness of diffusion layer. So that the reduction speed of copper ions is accelerated, resulting in a higher TSV-filling rate.

关键词： ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis   ISOMERIZATION kinetics   DIHYDROPYRENES   PYRIDINIUM compounds   PHOTOCHROMIC materials   NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy  

摘要： The electrochemical control of the isomerization process of a photo-switchable dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) derivative has been investigated. Spectro-electrochemical experiments clearly evidence that the substitution of the DHP core by electron-withdrawing entities can be used to control the opening/closing process.

关键词： 江森自控   石油进口   中国区技术   能源动力   燃油经济性   技术论坛   整车企业   从国   市场接受度   节能减排  

摘要： 日前,江森自控能源动力业务中国区技术销售高级经理程亮博士在节能与新能源汽车技术论坛的主题演讲上提出了促进汽车电气化进程的三大因素：首先,是国家的法律法规。随着汽车科技的不断发展,消费者对燃油经济性的要求越来越高。此外,我国对石油进口的依赖程度非常高：2015年为61%,2016年为63%。

关键词： Cefuroxime   Bio-electrochemical system   Kinetics   Degradation mechanism   Electrochemistry analysis  

摘要： A combination of biochemistry and electrochemistry was used as a strategy to remove antibiotics present in low concentrations at the laboratory scale. Experiments showed that the removal of antibiotics could be improved to 98% in the bio-electrochemical system (BES). The optimal operating conditions were a pH of 7, initial cefuroxime (CXM) concentration of 0.5 mg.L-1, reaction period of 12 h, aeration intensity of 15.8 m(3).m(-2).h(-1), and influent COD concentration of 1000 mg.L-1. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) removals were also improved to above 90% and 80%, respectively. A conventional sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) process was simultaneously operated for comparison. Simulation results indicated that the degradation followed first-order kinetics in the SBBR, BES, and electrochemical system (ES). Through further studies and SEM observation, we found that a high current electric field would destroy microbes. Conversely, the degradation of CXM was promoted by a low current electric field. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis was performed and we found that the degradation contained two oxidation reactions and one reduction reaction. According to the intermediates identified by LC-MS, we inferred that the degradation pathway included breakage of beta-lactam rings and organic oxidations. In conclusion, the integrated process considerably enhanced the synergistic effects of biochemistry and electrochemistry for the removal of specific contaminants. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catechol   Advanced oxidation process   Electro-Fenton   Anodic oxidation   BDD  

摘要： Catechol, one of the most abundant compounds in olive mills wastewaters, which is generated in the Fenton degradation of various aromatic compounds, is a toxic, possible carcinogen, persistent pollutant and it is not readily biodegradable. Hence, its degradation requires the utilization of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Here, the electrochemical treatment of aqueous solutions of catechol was investigated. The utilization of various electrochemical processes, such as electro-Fenton (EF), direct anodic oxidation (AO), indirect oxidation by electro-generated active chlorine and coupled processes was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of various operating conditions (including the nature of anode for AO, the initial pH and the current density) was widely studied in order to optimize the selected electrochemical processes. For EF process, the effect of the nature of the catalyst (homogeneous FeSO4 and heterogeneous pyrite and chalcopyrite) was also analysed. It was shown that both EF and AO, under proper operating conditions, allow a very high removal of the TOC, while the indirect oxidation by electro-generated active chlorine is poorly effective. The utilization of a coupled EF-AO process allowed enhancing the abatement of both catechol ad TOC with respect to single processes.

关键词： Water recovery   Salinity gradient power   Electrosorption   Electrochemical process integration   Wastewater treatment  

摘要： A capacitive deionization (CDI) system is one of the emerging desalination technologies used to purify brackish water. It is an electrochemical technology that uses electrically charged porous electrodes to remove salt ions from water. In this study, we developed a process model by integrating CDI with reverse electrodialysis (RED) for the production of pure water and energy. RED is a power generation technology that uses the mixing entropy of water with high and low salt concentrations. Desalination with low energy consumption and high water recovery (WR) was a design preference for this integrated electrochemical model. CDI system was optimized with a series four pass reverse current desorption (RCD) method to achieve WR of almost 96.7% that was previously 50-80% on average. Moreover, an artificial salinity gradient was also produced for RED to generate energy through this four-pass RCD method of CDI. The concentration gain ratio (CGR), WR of CDI, and power density of RED was numerically assessed with different number of desorption passes and for CDI desorption current. WR and CGR value in CDI increased to 96% and 25, respectively, with the increase of number of desorption passes to four. Two stage RED cell system is used to get energy from salinity gradient produced through CDI. Energy consumption of 1.510/1 for pure water production was reduced to 0.58 kJ/1 with this purposed integrated four pass CDI-RED system. This integrated electrochemical system reduced desalination energy consumption as well reducing environmental pollution with an eco-friendly, renewable power generation method and a reduction in the CDI disposal concentration.