关键词： 清洁能源   电气化   社会发展   进程   现代工业文明   能源体系   国家主权   一次能源  

摘要： 一、引言作为现代社会发展进步的基石,能源在现代社会发展体系中占据着核心地位,通过构建现代能源体系,可以保障国家主权安全及百姓生活从煤炭时代到油气时代,每一次能源转型带来的都是社会的巨大进步。在现代社会能源体系中,电力已经占据了主导地位,通过电气化的发展给现代工业文明提供了源源不断的动力,可以这样讲,从工业时代让我们进入了电气化时代。

关键词： corrosion   electrode poisoning   solid oxide   interconnect   electrode   oxide scale  

摘要： Solid oxide electrochemical systems, such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), and oxygen transport membranes (OTM) enable clean and reliable production of energy or fuel for a range of applications, including, but not limited to, residential, commercial, industrial, and grid-support. These systems utilize solid-state ceramic oxides which offer enhanced stability, fuel flexibility, and high energy conversion efficiency throughout operation. However, the nature of system conditions, such as high temperatures, complex redox atmosphere, and presence of volatile reactive species become taxing on solid oxide materials and limit their viability during long-term operation. Ongoing research efforts to identify the material corrosion and degradation phenomena, as well as discover possible mitigation techniques to extend material efficiency and longevity, is the current focus of the research and industrial community. In this review, degradation processes in select solid oxide electrochemical systems, system components, and comprising materials will be discussed. Overall degradation phenomena are presented and certain degradation mechanisms are discussed. State-of-the-art technologies to mitigate or minimize the above-mentioned degradation processes are presented.

关键词： 自行车  

摘要： 电动自行车在欧洲的产量最终会超过传统自行车,虽然这一进程仍需要几年的时间。荷兰皇家自行车品牌Gazelle近日强调,自行车电气化发展的速度每年都在提升。Gazelle公司近期庆祝了其总产量突破1500万辆。Gazelle的年产量如今可达25万辆,其电动自行车产量一直都在增长。

关键词： pulse discharge technologies   high-voltage electrochemical explosion   limited volume chamber   gas-vapor cavity   sensor of force action efficiency   plate deflection  

摘要： Based on the experimental studies of the energy characteristics of a high-voltage electrochemical explosion (HVEE) in limited volumes, the use of a combined parameter that takes into account the characteristics of a limited volume, which, along with the electrophysical quantities E-0 and , determines the value of the specific energy efficiency of the exothermic compound during the HVEE in limited volumes, i.e., = f (, E-0, ), is proposed and proven. The general dependence of the relative value of the specific energy efficiency /(0) of the chosen exothermic compound during the HVEE in limited volume on the combined parameter is established and can be used in the calculation of the combined energy source with respect to the requirements of a particular technology.

关键词： Electrode materials   high-temperature alloys   microstructure   scanning electron microscopy  

摘要： Due to inherent properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, it is being used in the application of fuel injector nozzle for diesel engine, aerospace and marine industries. Since the electrochemical micromachining process involves the no heat-affected zone, no tool wear, stress- and burr-free process compared to other micromachining processes, it is widely used in the manufacturing field to fabricate complex shape and die. Hence, it is highly important to compute the optimum input parameters for enhancing the machining characteristics in such machining process. In this study, an attempt has been made to find the influence of the process parameters and optimize the parameters on machining alpha-beta titanium alloy using Taguchi-grey relational analysis. Since applied voltage, micro-tool feed rate, electrolyte concentration and duty cycle have vital role in the process, these parameters have been chosen as the input parameters to evaluate the performance measures such as material removal rate, surface roughness and overcut in this study. From the experimental results, it has been found that micro-tool feed rate has more influence due to its importance in maintaining inter electrode gap to avoid micro-spark generation. It has also been found that lower electrolyte concentration with lower duty cycle produces lower surface roughness with better circularity on machining alpha-beta titanium alloy. The optimum combination has been found using Taguchi-grey relational analysis and verified from confirmation test. It has also been inferred that the multi-response characteristics such as material removal rate, surface roughness and overcut can be effectively improved through the grey relational analysis.

关键词： 汽车产业   电气化   NSK公司   进程   新能源汽车   知名企业   轴承行业   北京车展  

摘要： 如今,全球车企纷纷加码电气化布局,全球汽车产业正在步入电气化时代.在此背景下,作为全球轴承行业的知名企业,NSK公司也已加入到这一阵营当中,在汽车电气化方面展开了一系列新产品的开发,引发业界关注.在近期举办的北京车展中,NSK公司首次展示了其应用于新能源汽车的带变速器的轮边电机（第二代）.

关键词： Nano-copper oxide   Sonoelectrochemical process   Solid state kinetics   Ultrasonic irradiation   Environmental-friendly method  

摘要： The main objective of this study was the development of a simple, clean, and industrial applicable electrochemical process for production of high pure nano-copper oxides from mining and industrial resources (e.g., ore, spent, slag and wastewater). To conduct the proposed process, a special set up containing an electrochemical cell in an ultrasonic system (28 kHz and 160 W) was proposed. Accordingly, using this set up and applying appropriate voltage (approximate to 5 V) at 25 degrees C, in the presence of N-2 gas, the simultaneous anode dissolution and nano-copper oxides formation (approximate to 24 nm) can be occurred, rapidly (less than 45 min). Then, the effect of N-2 gas and free radicals generated by ultrasonic irradiation was studied. The results showed, in the absence of ultrasonic irradiation and N-2, an increase of electrolyte pH from 6.42 to 10.92, a decrease of electrolyte Eh from 285 mV to -1.14 V, and formation of copper nanoparticles. While, in the presence of ultrasonic and N-2, the CuO nano particles were formed due to presence of H2O2 generated by interaction of free radicals. Moreover, a novel method for kinetics modeling of nanoparticles agglomeration was proposed according to distributed activation energy model and Arrhenius parameters variation. The results showed that, in the absence of ultrasonic irradiation, the nanoparticle agglomerates were firstly formed (interface controlled mechanism) and then, the diffusion of nanoparticle agglomerates was occurred (diffusion controlled mechanism). Therefore, the control of nanoparticles size and shape may be impossible without surfactant. Also, in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation, the whole of agglomeration process followed interface controlled mechanism. Therefore, using ultrasonic irradiation, the nanoparticles shape and size don't change due to prevention of agglomerates diffusion.

关键词： Polypyrrole   Q235 steel   Electrochemical deposition   Anti-corrosion performance  

摘要： The polypyrrole (abbr. PPy) film was deposited on the surface of Q235 steel by potentiostatic deposition at different constant potentials (0.75 V, 0.85 V, 0.95 V, 1.05 V and 1.15 V, respectively). Through comprehensive characterizations and investigations by FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD and I-t curves, it is proved that the deposition potential obviously affects the composition of the deposited PPy film by synchronously adjusting the dissolution rate of ferrous oxalate passivation layer and the polymerization and deposition rate of PPy. At the deposition potential of 0.75 or 1.15 V, FeC2O4 was embedded in the deposited films because of the mismatch of the above two types of rates. While the deposition potential was designed to be 0.85, 0.95 or 1.05 V, FeC2O4 did not exist in the deposited PPy films for the good rate match of passivation layer's dissolution and PPy's polymerization and deposition. On the other hand, deposition potential also affects the morphology of the as-deposited PPy films. Among the back three samples which without FeC2O4 in the film, PPy-Q235-0.95 has the smallest aggregate size and the highest film density. The results of anti-corrosion performance study through potentiodynamic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that PPy-Q235 series samples have superior anti-corrosion properties than bare Q235, and PPy-Q235 samples without FeC2O4 in the film have better anti-corrosion performance than those with FeC2O4 in. Moreover, PPy-Q235-0.95 shows the best anti-corrosion behaviors (with the maximum E-corr, the minimum I-corr and CR, as well as with the maximum R-ct, R-po, R-ox and the minimum C-dl, Q(po), C-ox) in this paper, which is mainly resulted from its smallest aggregate size and highest film density.

关键词： 能源生产   电气化   消费   进程   能源体系   政府工作   传统产业   习近平  

摘要： 习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中指出,＂推进能源生产和消费革命,构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系＂,为我国能源发展指明了方向。今年的政府工作报告提出,发展壮大新动能,运用新技术、新业态、新模式,大力改造提升传统产业。贯彻落实好这些重要部署,破解能源发展难题,需要坚持以电力为中心,大力推进再电气化。

关键词： 清洁能源   电气化   进程   助推   特高压   电网  

摘要： 两会期间，来自电网的全国两会代表、委员围绕特高压、清洁能源消纳、再电气化、乡村振兴、服务人民美好生活等重大议题建言献策。