关键词： reverse osmosis concentrate   sanitary landfill leachate   anodic oxidation   electro-Fenton   electrocoagulation  

摘要： Electrochemical technologies have been broadly applied in wastewaters treatment, but few studies have focused on comparing the performance of the different electrochemical processes, especially when used to treat highly-polluted streams. The electrochemical treatment of a reverse osmosis concentrate of sanitary landfill leachate was performed by means of electrocoagulation (EC), anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes, and the use of different electrode materials and experimental conditions was assessed. All the studied processes and experimental conditions were effective in organic load removal. The results obtained showed that EC, with stainless steel electrodes, is the cheapest process, although it presents the disadvantage of sludge formation with high iron content. At high applied current intensity, AO presents the best treatment time/energy consumption ratio, especially if the samples' initial pH is corrected to 3. However, pH correction from natural to 3 deeply decreases nitrogen-containing compounds' removal. For longer treatment time, the EF process with a carbon-felt cathode and a BDD anode, performed at natural iron content and low applied current intensity, is the most favorable solution.

关键词： Indium-tin oxide   Electrochemistry   Dissolution reaction   Tungsten oxide   Electrochromism  

摘要： Recent work has shown that electrochromic WO3 films, backed by In2O3:Sn (ITO) and immersed in a lithium-ion-conducting electrolyte, can attain unprecedented electrochemical cycling durability after potentiostatic pretreatment at high voltage. Here we demonstrate that this intriguing feature is associated with changes in the properties of the ITO film. Specifically, we studied thin films of ITO and WO3/ITO immersed in an electrolyte of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate at potentials up to 6.0 V vs. Li/Li+ by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy and present evidence that electrochemical reactions occur under these conditions. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy indicated that the ITO film was partly dissolved at high voltages and that the dissolution reaction promoted diffusion of In and Sn into the WO3 film.

关键词： 用电服务   电能替代   供电营业厅   供电服务   综合能源服务   国家电网公司   电动汽车   服务保障   电气化  

摘要： 随着经济社会的不断发展,电力作为清洁、可靠、便捷的能源供应,越来越受到农村客户的青睐。乡村电气化从单纯的照明用电向炊事用能、生产加工、农副产业等方面快速拓展。农业发展的新特点、农村发展的新形势、农民生活的新需求,在给农村电力市场的发展带来新特点和新规律的同时,对基层供电服务工作提出了新要求。为此,应大力夯实乡村供电服务基础.

关键词： Recycling   Nickel-metal hydride batteries   Ferrites   Solar photo-Fenton   Dye decolorization   Electrochemical pseudocapacitor  

摘要： In this study, a co-precipitation method was used for the synthesis of undoped ferrites (Fe2O3/Fe3O4-R) and nickel-doped ferrites from nickel reagents (NiFe2O4-R) and from nickel recycled from spent Ni-MH batteries (NiFe2O4-B). Ferrite structure and composition were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed the presence of iron, oxygen, and nickel in the surface composition of the nickel-doped ferrites. Scanning electron microscopy showed agglomerated particles of different sizes and shapes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical particles of 50nm. NiFe2O4-B is a multifunctional material that can be used as a catalyst and pseudocapacitor. The catalytic properties of NiFe2O4-B were analyzed by measuring the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) in a photo-Fenton process under solar radiation. Pseudocapacitive properties, analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, showed that NiFe2O4-B composites exhibit favorable characteristics for application as electrochemical pseudocapacitors.

关键词： 能源转型   3E优化模型   电气化   新能源   新一代电力系统   技术突破   市场体制  

摘要： 能源生产消费的电气化既能够承载新能源高效转化,又可以推动能效总体水平提升,是全球能源转型的战略选择。在明确电气化推动能源转型的基础上,分析中国持续提升电气化水平的基本条件,通过国际比较研判了未来全球电气化进程趋势,采用能源电力规划模型以及能源消费预测模型,研究提出了中国再电气化发展战略路径,为推动中国能源转型、有效促进电气化发展提供了决策支撑。

关键词： Potassium   Interfaces   Hydrophilicity   Liquids   Ions  

摘要： A pore confined liquid vacuum interface was created in liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis in order to study the charge transfer in electrochemical reactions. The interfacial processes such as the critical diameter, influence of aperture properties on the morphology of the liquid vacuum interface, pressure field, concentration field, and electric field were revealed by finite element simulation. The correlation between numerical study of the chemical changes at the electrode electrolyte interface and experimental results during the dynamic potential scan was built successfully. Better understanding of these interfacial processes could promote further applications of liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry in energy storage and electrochemical catalysis.

关键词： Herbicide   Persistent organic pollutants   Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes   Mineralization  

摘要： Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide widely used in crops. Contamination of groundwater and superficial water sources by glyphosate may suppose an environmental risk due to its chronic toxicity. In this frame, development of water treatment technologies to remove glyphosate is of high relevance. The objective of this work was to evaluate capabilities of electrochemical oxidation (ECO) as emergent environmental friendly technology. The effect of variation of current density (j), pH and initial concentration of supporting electrolyte was studied when employing DSA (R) expanded anodes of Ti/Ru0.36Ti0.64O2. Special attention was given to the influence of pH due to the characteristic speciation of glyphosate that may influence ECO performance. Almost complete mineralization (>90%) of pure glyphosate was attained after 3 h of ECO treatment with 0.15 M NaCl at 40 mA cm(-2) and pH 3.0. Meanwhile, solely 60% of mineralization was achieved under identical conditions when treating commercial glyphosate pesticide products. Degradation by-products and yielded ionic species were identified by chromatography and chromatography mass spectrometry. A reaction sequence for glyphosate ECO mineralization was proposed. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amines   Ketones   Electrodes   Aromatic compounds   Solvents  

摘要： The multifunctionalization of unactivated cyclic ketones was developed via an electrochemically intermolecular alpha-amination under metal free conditions. The reaction can be carried out smoothly with a broad scope of the aromatic amines substrates under mild conditions, affording a variety of alpha-enaminones with good to excellent yields in one step.

关键词： CuO nanorod array   Thin film electrode   In situ   EC-AFM   Suppressing volume change  

摘要： A big challenge in the high-performance transition metal oxide anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is relieving the volume changes during the lithiation/delithiation. In this work, CuO nanorod array was produced via glancing angle deposition and directly used as anode materials for thin film electrodes of LIBs. The obtained CuO nanorod array anodes show good LIB performance with a capacity of 220Ah/cm(2)/m tested at 100A/cm(2) after 80cycles and excellent rate performance. The obtained properties for CuO nanorod array anodes were much better than thin film anodes without nanorod array structure. In addition, the in situ electrochemical atom force microscopy (EC-AFM) characterization has been used to reveal the enhanced mechanism of CuO nanorod array anodes. On the one hand, CuO nanorods within the electrodes may serve as the hosts for Li+, and ease intercalation by shortening Li+ ion diffusion pathways, resulting in the remarkable cycling stability and rate performance. On the other hand, the breathing of CuO nanorod array electrode clearly observed by in situ EC-AFM with the appearance and disappearance of cracks, demonstrated that the nanorod array may act as a buffering to alleviate the giant volume variations during the cycling. As a result, the remarkable stability of the CuO nanorod array electrode allowed its use in a full lithium-ion cell with a pervasive LiCoO2 thin film cathode. Additionally, we also observed the SEI formed on the surface of electrode during cycling, which may benefit the further studies on transition metal oxide as anodes for LIBs.