关键词： PbO2 anode   Fluidized 3DER   Optimization   Particle electrode   Central composite design  

摘要： A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with Ti/SnO2-Sb/beta-PbO2 anode and granular activated carbon (3DER-GAC) particle electrodes were used for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Process modeling and optimization were performed using an orthogonal central composite design (OCCD) and genetic algorithm (GA), respectively. Ti/SnO2-Sb/beta-PbO2 anode was prepared by electrochemical deposition method and then its properties were studied by FESEM, EDX, XRD, Linear sweep voltammetry and accelerated lifetime test techniques. The results showed that lead oxide was precipitated as highly compact pyramidal clusters in the form of beta-PbO2 on the electrode surface. In addition, the prepared anode had high stability (170 h) and oxygen evolution potential (2.32 V). A robust quadratic model (p-value < 0.0001 and R-2 > 0.99) was developed to predict the 2,4-DCP removal efficiency in the 3DER-GAC system. Under optimal conditions (pH = 4.98, Na2SO4 concentration = 0.07 M, current density = 35 mA cm(-2), GAC amount = 25 g and reaction time = 50 min), the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP in the 3DER-GAC system and the separate electrochemical degradation process (without GAC particle electrode) were 99.8 and 71%, respectively. At a reaction time of 80 min, the TOC removal efficiencies in the 3DER-GAC and the separate electrochemical degradation system were 100 and 57.5%, respectively. Accordingly, the energy consumed in these two systems was calculated to be 0.81 and 1.57 kWh g(-1) TOC, respectively. Based on the results of LC-MS analysis, possible degradation pathways of 2,4-DCP were proposed. Trimerization and ring opening reactions were the two dominant mechanisms in 2,4-DCP degradation. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： EAOPs-membrane   Antibiotic   Trace levels   Membrane filtration   Radicals  

摘要： Antibiotic pollution is mainly caused by aquaculture wastewater and pharmaceuticals, which are frequently used by humans. Due to limited treatment efficiency or improper selection of treatment methods, these antibiotic residues may be very harmful in human drinking water and aquatic environments. The EAOPs coupling membrane technology (EAOPs-membrane) can play their own advantages, which can significantly improve the degradation efficiency and alleviate membrane pollution (electrochemical manners). In this context, this review mainly collecting researches and information on EAOPs-membrane treatment of antibiotic pollution published between 2012 and 2020. Discussed the different combinations of these two technologies, the mechanism of them in the system to improve the processing efficiency, prolong the working time, and stabilize the system structure. Mainly due to the synergistic effect of electrochemical behavior such as electric repulsion and in-situ oxidation, the membrane fouling in the system is alleviated. In this review it was summarized that the selection of different membrane electrode materials and their modifications. The paper also elaborates the existing challenges facing the EAOPs-membrane methods for antibiotic pollution treatment, and their prospects. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Lithium-ion separators   Nanocomposite membranes   Biaxial stretching method   Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene   Silicon dioxide nanoparticles  

摘要： As a vital part of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the separator is closely related to the safety and electrochemical performance of LIBs. Despite the numerous membranes/separators available commercially, their thermal stability and service life still severely limit the efficiency and reliability of the battery. Herein, for the first time, we designed and prepared a hybrid ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanocomposite membrane via a sequential biaxial stretching process. SEM, EDS, ATR-FTIR, WAXS and TGA characterizations offer clear evidence for the successful preparation of UWMWPE-SiO2 nanocomposite membranes. The influence of SiO2 on the structure and properties of UHMWPE membranes was systematically investigated. The presence of SiO2 improves various fundamental properties of UHMWPE separators, such as thermal stability, electrolyte uptake and wettability, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical performance. Thus, obtained lithium-ion batteries have an excellent discharge capacity of 165 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C-rate and 123 mAh g(-1) at 5 C-rate and a greater cycling performance over 100 cycles. Thus, this investigation delivers inspiration for the expansion of inorganic-organic nanocomposite separators for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： 前沿科技   电动化   上汽通用   母公司   车联网   电气化   战略布局   创新服务  

摘要： 在4月8日举办的“2021科技体验日”现场,上汽通用公布了其在电动化、智能网联化领域的领先科技与战略布局。上汽通用汽车总经理王永清表示:“上汽通用汽车将充分整合母公司双方的优势资源,叠加打磨了24年的强大体系力,不断提速,‘双擎’驱动,将电动化与智能网联的前沿科技和创新服务快速转化为用户触手可及的安全、智能、互联的用车体验,带来更美好的智慧出行生活”。

关键词： film solidification   gradient distributed ingredients   composite electrode   diffusion induced stress   mechanical integrity  

摘要： The drying rate would significantly affect the quality of the composite electrode after solidification. In order to clarify the underlying effect mechanism of ingredient heterogeneity in the electrode caused by the drying process on the mechanical integrity of lithium secondary batteries in service, an integrated analysis approach is developed to determine the mechanical properties and lithium diffusion-induced stress of the composite electrode with gradient distributed binder and conductive agent. A faster solidification is found to broaden the inhomogeneous extent of inactive components in the electrode coating across its thickness, markedly. As a result, it will not only enlarge the tensile stress in the brittle electrode upon electrochemical operation due to the increased effective modulus of composite near the surface, but will also impair the interfacial strength between the active layer and current collector. Moreover, a two-stage drying protocol (initially fast, followed by slow evaporation of solvent) is found to be greatly beneficial to boosting the resistance to cohesion failure and surface damage of the composite electrode, and the optimized processing parameters are proposed to obtain a robust production with high efficiency.

关键词： Iron materials   superhydrophobic   anti-icing  

摘要： Iron materials are widely applied in electrical-tower. However, the freezing rain adhering to the electric-tower in winter can raise a huge potential safety hazard to the power facilities. Therefore, how to make ironworks possess anti-icing property has become a difficult problem. In order to resolve the aforementioned issue, a facile, low-cost and environment-friendly electrochemical machining method was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic surface on iron materials to endow anti-icing capacity in the freezing rain. After fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) modification, superhydrophobic surface could be obtained. The morphology of the surface film was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and laser confocal microscope. The chemical composition was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of the applied processing time on wettability was also studied. The results showed that a rough surface, which consisted of many step-like structures, was formed on the surface of iron by the proposed electrochemical method. After FAS modification, the surface showed good superhydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 162 degrees and water sliding angle of 3.33 degrees. The mechanism of the generated rough structures was also discussed. Moreover, the static and dynamic anti-icing tests were conducted. The results showed that the superhydrophobic surface can not only significantly delay the freezing time, but also prevent the cold water from freezing on the iron surface, which could be a good solution to the freezing rain issue.

关键词： Biosensor chip   AuNPs modified microelectrodes   Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms   Pyocyanin   In-situ monitoring  

摘要： Pyocyanin is a specific virulence factor and quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and plays an important role in biofilm formation. In this paper, a biosensor chip was proposed and fabricated for the long term cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and in-situ monitoring of pyocyanin. The biosensor chip consisted of two parts, a top polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer with micro-channels and micro-chambers for providing an adequate microenvironment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth, and a bottom microelectrode integrated on a glass substrate for monitoring the QS virulence factor and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The concentration of pyocyanin was monitored by AuNPs-modified microelectrodes by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the designed chip. It was demonstrated that the change in pyocyanin concentration was closely related to the developing process of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, the effect of cur cumin, a Chinese herb QS inhibitor, on pyocyanin and biofilm production was investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that curcumin inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and reduced the production of pyocyanin. The designed biosensor chip provides a promising microenvironment for the quantitative monitoring of pyocyanin in the formation of biofilms and acts as a platform for investigating the mechanism behind anti-bacterial agents.

关键词： PO4-P and NH4-N recovery   Dolomite   Electrochemistry   Natural minerals  

摘要： The cost-effective recovery of phosphate is of great significance to the mitigation of phosphorus resource depletion crisis. The electrochemical-decomposition of dolomite was developed to recover phosphate and ammonium from aqueous solution. The dolomite ore is mainly composed of CaMg(CO3)(2) (53.73%), CaCO3 (28.93%) and SiO2 (16.59%). The continuous release of Mg2+ and Ca2+ were achieved by electrochemically decomposing dolomite ore, accompanied by the generation of base solution (9.0-10.5). The main factors affecting the recovery performance of phosphate (PO4-P) and ammonium (NH4 -N) are current, initial concentration of PO4-P and NH4-N, initial pH of feed solution and feed rate. For a 30d operation, the recovery rate of PO4-P was maintained at 90-97% and that of NH4-N at 50-60% under optimized operating conditions. The recovered product had low water solubility but high citric-acid-soluble, and was proposed as a slow-release fertilizer for crops. The proposed process as a simple, effective and green route may serve as a new strategy for recovering PO4-P and NH4-N from wastewaters. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

摘要： 在传统汽车天窗及加热器领域占据市场领先位置的伟巴斯特,近年来正通过双重战略来应对行业的智能化和电气化趋势。伟巴斯特的双重战略包括:加强核心业务,原有的天窗及加热器业务持续创新,进一步拓展市场份额;参与新能源领域,加大电池和充电业务布局。自两年前双重战略发布以来,伟巴斯特业务全面进展,尤其新能源业务快速突破。在2021上海车展上,伟巴斯特以"开启未来新视界"为主题,

关键词： 电气化   碳强度   环境库兹涅茨曲线  

摘要： 中国正在积极地谋求低碳化转型,政府承诺落实2030年前碳达峰的目标并努力争取2060年实现碳中和.碳强度控制是实现CO2减排的关键制度,而电气化又与碳排放和经济增长都具有紧密的联系.因此,研究电气化与碳强度的关系对政策设计和制定碳强度控制政策具有重要意义.基于电气化与碳强度关系的现有研究,本文提出了碳排放强度随着电气化水平提高先上升后下降的环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)关系假设.本文以中国1997—2016年30个省份的面板数据为对象进行假设检验,并使用空间杜宾模型验证空间效应对结果的影响.结果显示,我国电气化与碳强度之间确实存在显著的倒U形的EKC关系,并且这一结论在考虑空间因素后仍然稳健.EKC曲线的拐点在不考虑空间因素的情况下位于电气化水平为10.52％的位置,在考虑了空间因素后略微后移到10.81％.截至2016年,所有省份的电气化水平均处于EKC拐点的右侧,即电气化水平的提高将对碳强度下降起到显著的促进作用.最后,针对电气化与碳强度关系的一般与空间特征,本文对电气化发展提出了政策建议.