关键词： CATHODES   LITHIUM-ion batteries   ELECTRIC conductivity   ELECTROCHEMISTRY   ENERGY conversion  

摘要： FeF3 is a promising cathodematerial for lithium ion batteries but its poor electronic conductivity makes it non-practical. Here, we significantly improve the electrochemical activity of FeF3 by reducing the strong ionic character of Fe-F with the replacement of some F with N atoms. N-doped nanocrystalline FeF3/C achieves the best electrochemical performance among FeF3 compounds reported to date: similar to 95 mA h g(-1) at 21.1C discharge rate for 250 cycles. The results illustrate that the poor electronic conductivity of metal fluorides can be controlled by doping and this enables FeF3 or metal fluorides to be practically utilized in possible applications including energy conversion and storage.

关键词： Soil washing   HMs removal   EDDS recovery   Electrochemical treatment   Multistep washing  

摘要： Soil washing is an extensively used process for remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils. However the amount of fresh washing solution to be used represents a significant economical drawback of this process. This paper investigates the application of an electrochemical process (Fe/Fe electrodes couple) for the regeneration of a spent EDDS solution, containing Cu and major competitor cations (Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn). The effect of current density, pH and conductivity of the washing solution on the recovery process performances was investigated. Current density showed the highest influence on Cu, Mg and Mn removal yields. Maximum removal yields reached 99% for Cu, 77% for Mn and 49% for Mg. No influence of the investigated parameters on Ca removal was observed, while an increase of Fe concentration due to anode dissolution occurred. Characterization of sludge produced from the 2 h electrochemical test (5 mA cm(-2), pH = 8, 8 mS cm(-1)) displayed concentrations of 2.8 g kg(-1) for Ca, 0.4 g kg(-1) for Cu, 535.6 g kg(-1) for Fe, 2.6 g kg(-1) for Mg. TCLP tests at pH 2.88 and 4.93 showed a low leaching percentage (Ca, 10-21%;Cu, 6-12%;Fe, 0.22% Mg, 27-36%). Multi-washing tests were carried out to assess the decrease of the chelating ability of the regenerated washing solution and the Cu extraction efficiency. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling   Four-layered ANN   Electrochemical oxidation   K-fold cross validation  

摘要： This work is dealing with the performance and modeling of an electrochemical water treatment process. A bench-scale electrochemical reactor with working volume of 0.5L was applied to treat an azo dye, acid brown 14, as a typical pollutant in aqueous media. For the dye initial concentration of 50mg/L, the experimental data showed the optimum conditions of the process as: [NaCl]=5g/L, pH 6.4, and V=4V. Under the conditions, after 18min and consuming of low energy amount of 0.24Wh/L, 92% of decolorization efficiency (DE) was obtained. To model the process and simulate the obtained results, artificial neural network (ANN) method was used. Five effective operational parameters, i.e. reaction time, initial pH, applied voltage, supporting electrolyte, and the dye initial concentrations were considered as the network inputs;meanwhile, both of the DE and energy consumption (EC) criteria, were considered as the relevant network outputs. A four-layered feed-forward ANN, consisting of trainbfg learning algorithm and tansig as the transfer function in both hidden and output layers, was constructed. The neuron number structure of 5:4:6:2 and the iteration number of 600, showed best model-calibration ability. The K-fold cross-validation method showed high correlation coefficients (R-2) of 0.988 and 0.983 for the simulation of the DE and EC criteria, respectively.

关键词： Allura Red AC   Electrochemical oxidation   Electro-Fenton   Oxidation products   Photoelectro-Fenton  

摘要： The decolorization and mineralization of solutions containing 230 mg L-1 of the food azo dye Allura Red AC at pH 3.0 have been studied upon treatment by electrochemical oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF). Experiments were performed with a stirred tank reactor containing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) or Pt anode and an air-diffusion cathode to generate H2O2. The main oxidants were hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation and in the bulk from Fenton's reaction between H2O2 and added Fe2+. The oxidation ability increased in the sequence EO-H2O2 < EF < PEF and faster degradation was always obtained using BDD. PEF process with BDD yielded almost total mineralization following similar trends in SO42-, ClO4- and NO3- media, whereas in Cl- medium, mineralization was inhibited by the formation of recalcitrant chloroderivatives. GC-MS analysis confirmed the cleavage of the -N=N- bond with formation of two main aromatics in SO42- medium and three chloroaromatics in Cl- solutions. The effective oxidation of final oxalic and oxamic acids by BDD along with the photolysis of Fe(III)-oxalate species by UVA light accounted for the superiority of PEF with BDD. NH4+, NO3- and SO42- ions were released during the mineralization. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrochemical discharge machining   tool electrode   process parameters   tool design  

摘要： The electrochemical discharge machining is a combination of electrochemical machining and electrical discharge machining. The machining is achieved by chemical etching effect and melting of workpiece material due to electrical discharges. This process is used for a variety of nonconductive materials (glass, quartz, ceramic, Pyrex and so on) for the purpose of micromachining and specially for micro electro mechanical system applications. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent developments on tool electrode process parameters, which have resulted in enhanced efficiency and accuracy of the machining process. The tool electrode process parameters are shape, size, roughness, insulation and motion of tool and so on. These process parameters affect the process performance in terms of material removal rate, surface quality and dimensional accuracy of micromachined products. For example, spherical tool geometry provides five times higher material removal rate as compared to cylindrical tool geometry. The impact of electrochemical discharge machining process parameters associated with tool electrode is also discussed. A summary of review and proposed research directions is presented in this article.

关键词： Carbon materials   Biomass   Carbonization   Electrochemical capacitor   CO2 capture  

摘要： Preparing nitrogen-doped porous carbons directly from waste biomass has received considerable interest for the purpose of realizing the atomic economy. In this study, N-doped porous carbons have been successfully prepared from waste tobaccos (WT) by a simple pre-treatment process. The sample calcinated at 700 degrees C (WT-700) shows a micro/meso-porous structures with a BET surface area of 1104 m(2) g(-1) and a nitrogen content of ca. 19.08 wt.% (EDS). Performance studies demonstrate that WT-700 displays 170 F g(-1) electrocapacitivity at a current density of 0.5 Ag-1 (in 6M KOH), and a CO2 capacity of 3.6 mmolg(-1) at 0 degrees C and 1 bar, and a selectivity of ca. 32 for CO2 over N-2 at 25 degrees C. Our studies indicate that it is feasible to prepare N-enriched porous carbons from waste natural crops by a pretreatment process for potential industrial application. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Li2MnSiO4   Cathode Material   Li-Ion Battery   Solid-State   Silicate  

摘要： We report the fabrication and electrochemical properties of Li2MnSiO4 powders produced by various solid-state reactions, such as ball-, attrition-, and bead-milling. Li2MnSiO4 powders prepared by bead-milling had the smallest particle sizes (similar to 100 nm) and the largest amount of surface carbon (similar to 20 wt%), which were produced by adding sucrose during milling process. The surface carbon layer can improve electronic/ionic conductivity of Li2MnSiO4 as cathode material for lithium ion battery. As expected, the bead-milled Li2MnSiO4 powder electrode showed the best electrochemical performance of the electrode materials obtained by the various solid-state reactions. This is attributed to the small particle size and facile electronic transport through the conductive carbon layer on each Li2MnSiO4 particle.

关键词： 半导体行业   信息化进程   市场发展   电气化   汽车数量   辅助驾驶系统   远程信息处理   调查报告  

摘要： IHS公司对外公布了一项关于2014年汽车半导体行业发展的调查报告，报告中指出在2014年汽车半导体行业得到了充分的发展，随着汽车数量的不断增长，2014年汽车半导体的营业额较2013年增长了约10％，总营业额达到了290亿美元。IHS公司在报告中还介绍了汽车半导体应用发展最迅速的几个领域，其中分别包括混合动力与电动汽车、远程信息处理与移动互联以及先进辅助驾驶系统等。

关键词： Response surface methodology   Electrochemical oxidation   Polyoxometalate   Azo dye  

摘要： In order to optimize the experimental conditions, the decolorization of Acid Red 3R by electrochemical oxidation process with catalyst FePMo12-APS-MS4A as packing was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The microstructure and morphology of FePMo12-APS-MS4A were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Four control factors were throughly analyzed by means of RSM based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). Taking the decolorization efficiency as response value, a second order polynomial model was established. The model and analysis strongly indicated that the cell voltage and airflow caused positive, and the initial pH and inter-electrode distance caused negative effect on the decolorization efficiency. The interaction between cell voltage and initial pH, initial pH and airflow were also revealed. Under the optimal conditions, the color, COD and TOC removal efficiency reached 67.3%, 58.4% and 47.9% after 60 mm. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed that the dye molecule underwent a series of reduction and oxidation steps, including azo bond fracture, desulfonation and denitrogenation. The possible mechanisms involving in this reaction process were proposed. (C) 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium ion batteries   Blend electrodes   LiMn2O4 spinel   NCA   Electrode manufacturing   Mixing  

摘要： The electrode manufacturing for lithium-ion batteries has been systematically evaluated. It has been shown that a proper tailoring of the electrodes can greatly improve both the electrochemical performance and the energy density of the battery. The pre-treatment of the electrode components, the degree of the electrode compacting and the mixing process have proven to have a strong impact on the electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes based on LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2. In addition, blending LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 - NCA with lithium manganese oxide spinet (LiMn2O4, LMS) has exhibited beneficial effects on the discharge capacity of the blends, thus on the energy density and in the same time decreases the Mn dissolution from spinet structure. Moreover, the detailed study of the storage behaviour of LMS/NCA blend reveals that dissolved Mn from spinet structure is re-precipitable on NCA particles and so that less Mn2+ ions will be available in the electrolyte, which can migrate to the anode graphite and deposit thereof. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.