关键词： 半导体行业   信息化进程   市场发展   电气化   汽车数量   辅助驾驶系统   远程信息处理   调查报告  

摘要： IHS公司对外公布了一项关于2014年汽车半导体行业发展的调查报告，报告中指出在2014年汽车半导体行业得到了充分的发展，随着汽车数量的不断增长，2014年汽车半导体的营业额较2013年增长了约10％，总营业额达到了290亿美元。IHS公司在报告中还介绍了汽车半导体应用发展最迅速的几个领域，其中分别包括混合动力与电动汽车、远程信息处理与移动互联以及先进辅助驾驶系统等。

关键词： Response surface methodology   Electrochemical oxidation   Polyoxometalate   Azo dye  

摘要： In order to optimize the experimental conditions, the decolorization of Acid Red 3R by electrochemical oxidation process with catalyst FePMo12-APS-MS4A as packing was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The microstructure and morphology of FePMo12-APS-MS4A were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Four control factors were throughly analyzed by means of RSM based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). Taking the decolorization efficiency as response value, a second order polynomial model was established. The model and analysis strongly indicated that the cell voltage and airflow caused positive, and the initial pH and inter-electrode distance caused negative effect on the decolorization efficiency. The interaction between cell voltage and initial pH, initial pH and airflow were also revealed. Under the optimal conditions, the color, COD and TOC removal efficiency reached 67.3%, 58.4% and 47.9% after 60 mm. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed that the dye molecule underwent a series of reduction and oxidation steps, including azo bond fracture, desulfonation and denitrogenation. The possible mechanisms involving in this reaction process were proposed. (C) 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium ion batteries   Blend electrodes   LiMn2O4 spinel   NCA   Electrode manufacturing   Mixing  

摘要： The electrode manufacturing for lithium-ion batteries has been systematically evaluated. It has been shown that a proper tailoring of the electrodes can greatly improve both the electrochemical performance and the energy density of the battery. The pre-treatment of the electrode components, the degree of the electrode compacting and the mixing process have proven to have a strong impact on the electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes based on LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2. In addition, blending LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 - NCA with lithium manganese oxide spinet (LiMn2O4, LMS) has exhibited beneficial effects on the discharge capacity of the blends, thus on the energy density and in the same time decreases the Mn dissolution from spinet structure. Moreover, the detailed study of the storage behaviour of LMS/NCA blend reveals that dissolved Mn from spinet structure is re-precipitable on NCA particles and so that less Mn2+ ions will be available in the electrolyte, which can migrate to the anode graphite and deposit thereof. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： magnetite   foamlike structure   self-expanding process   anode   lithium-ion batteries  

摘要： A novel foamlike Fe3O4/C composite is prepared via a sol-gel type method with gelatin as the carbon source and ferric nitrate as the iron source, following a postannealing treatment. Its lithium storage properties as anode material for a lithium-ion battery are thoroughly investigated in this work. With the interaction between ferric nitrate and gelatin, the foamlike architecture is attained through a unique self-expanding process. The Fe3O4/C composite possesses abundant porous structure along with highly dispersed Fe3O4 nanocrystal embedment in the carbon matrix. In the constructed architecture, the 3D porous network property ensures electrolyte accessibility;meanwhile, nanosized Fe3O4 promotes lithiation/delithiation, owing to numerous active sites, large electrolyte contact area, and a short lithium ion diffusion path. As a result, this Fe3O4/C composite electrode demonstrates an excellent cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 1008 mA h g(-1) over 400 cycles at 0.2C (1C = 1000 mA g(-1)), as well as a superior rate performance with reversible capacity of 660 and 580 mA h g(-1) at 3C and 5C, respectively.

关键词： Nano lithium battery   In situ transmission electron microscopy   Manganese ferrite   Graphene nanosheet   Nanohybrid   Electrochemical performance  

摘要： In this work, we fabricated an all-solid-state nano lithium battery MnFe2O4/graphene-Li2O-Li to understand the electrochemical Li-storage mechanism and performance of MnFe2O4 using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. We found that single-crystalline MnFe2O4 is converted into polycrystalline Li2O/Mn/Fe with large volume expansion upon discharge and subsequently into polycrystalline MnO/Fe3O4 with volume shrinkage upon charge. Reversible conversion between MnO/Fe3O4 and Li2O/Mn/Fe occurs during the following cycles with small volume changes. We also found that both MnO/Fe3O4 and Li2O/Mn/Fe can be tightly confined by graphene despite the volume change and particle pulverization, and that free space that buffers the volume changes still exists even at deep lithiation state. In situ TEM characterization also indicates that graphene is a good conductor for both Li ion and electrons. The combined conducting, buffering and confining effects of graphene revealed by in situ TEM characterization can well explain the role it plays in improving the electrochemical properties of MnFe2O4. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： ELECTROLYTIC reduction   CARBON dioxide   CARBON nanotubes   CARBONATES   CHEMICAL processes   GAS mixtures  

摘要： Carbon was deposited on a mild steel cathode during electrolysis in the molten mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3 (mole ratio: 62:38) under CO2 or mixed N-2 and CO2 atmospheres at 3.0-5.0 V and 540-700 degrees C. In a three-electrode cell, cyclic voltammetry was applied on a platinum working electrode to study the reduction and deposition processes. A two-electrode cell helped correlate electrolysis variables, e.g. temperature and voltage, with the deposition rate, current efficiency, and properties of the deposited carbon powders. High current efficiency (>90%) and deposition rate (>0.11 g cm(-2) h(-1)) were achieved in the study. Elemental analysis of the electro-deposits, following washing with HCl solutions (2.3-7.8 molL(-1)), showed carbon as the dominant element (75-95 wt.%) plus oxygen (5-10 wt.%) and small amounts of other elements related to materials of the electrolytic cell. Thermogravimetry detected fairly low onset combustion temperatures (310-430 degrees C), depending on the electrolysis and acid washing conditions. Amorphous and various nanostructures (sheet, rings and quasi-spheres) were revealed by electron microscopy in carbon samples deposited under different process conditions. The specific surface area of the carbon deposited at 5.0 V and 540 degrees C was as high as 585 m(2) g(-1). An analysis of the energy consumption suggests several ways for efficiency improvement so that the electrolytic carbon from CO2 will become commercially attractive. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Manufacturing   Material Removal   Turbomachinery  

摘要： This paper presents an overview of the current technological and economical capabilities of electrochemical (ECM-based), electro-physical (EDM-based) and photonic (Laser-/EBM-based) additive and removal processes for turbomachinery component manufacture. Starting with the industrial demands and challenges of today, the technologies are reviewed in detail regarding achievable geometrical precision and surface integrity as well as material removal and deposition rates for conventionally difficult-to-cut Ti- and Ni-based alloys and dedicated steels. Past, existing and future areas of technology application of these advanced non-mechanical manufacturing processes are discussed. The paper focusses on the description of shaping processes therefore excludes pure welding or coating applications. (C) 2014 CIRP.

关键词： coconut industry wastewater   Dimensionally stable anodes   electrochemistry   Fenton reaction  

摘要： The coconut processing industry generates a significant amount of liquid waste. New technologies targeting the treatment of industrial effluents have emerged, including advanced oxidation processes, the Fenton reaction, and electrochemical processes, which produce strong oxidizing species to remove organic matter. In this study we combined the Fenton reaction and electrochemical process to treat wastewater generated by the coconut industry. We prepared a synthetic wastewater consisting of a mixture of coconut milk and water and assessed how the Fenton reagents' concentration, the cathode material, the current density, and the implementation of associated technologies affect its treatment. Electrochemical treatment followed by the Fenton reaction diminished turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 85 and 95%, respectively. The Fenton reaction followed by the electrochemical process reduced turbidity and COD by 93 and 85%, respectively. Therefore, a combination of the Fenton and electrochemical technologies can effectively treat the effluent from the coconut processing industry.

关键词： Lead-acid battery   Lead-carbon electrode   Carbon double layer capacity   Lead sulfate electrode   Negative plate sulfation   HRPSoC cycling  

摘要： Batteries in hybrid electric vehicles operate in High-Rate Partial-State-of-Charge (HRPSoC) cycling duty. To make lead acid batteries suitable for this duty, carbon is added to the negative active material. As a result of this technological change, two electrical systems form at the negative plates: (a) a capacitive carbon system comprising high-rate charging and discharging of the electric double layer;low Ah capacity, and (b) a lead electrochemical system, comprising oxidation of Pb to PbSO4 during discharge and vice versa during charge;this system is slow to accept charge, but has high Ah capacity. Through cycling lead acid cells under HRPSoC conditions with short current pulses of various durations we have established that the processes involved in the capacitive system proceed highly reversibly and complete hundreds of thousands HRPSoC cycles. The number of cycles achieved by the electrochemical system is limited to tens of thousands and lead to progressive sulfation. Carbon added to the negative active material changes the latter's structure. The specific surface of NAM increases and the median pore radius decreases. Some carbon additives may reduce the radius of the pores in NAM to membrane sizes, which may change the chemistry of the electrochemical system. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy   Spectroelectrochemistry   Modified electrode   Meldola blue   Electrocatalysis  

摘要： Gold electrodes modified with adsorbed or electropolymerized layers of the redox dye Meldola blue have been prepared and studied by Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) at 785 nm laser excitation. The intensity of SEAS spectra obtained differ essentially for electrochemically oxidized and reduced layers of MB, both in pH 1.0 and pH 7.0 solutions studied. Electrooxidation of ascorbate at MB modified electrodes in pH 7.0 solution was studied, and it has been shown with in situ SERS spectroscopy that the relative content of oxidized and reduced forms of MB within adsorbed or electropolymerized layer depends on electrode potential and ascorbate concentration. Also, electrooxidation of hydroquinone at MB modified electrodes in pH 1.0 solution has been studied, and the formation of reaction product benzoquinone has been demonstrated with SERS spectroscopy. This process occurs faster at electrode modified with electropolymerized MB, and at higher concentration of hydroquinone. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.